1. The main uses of ferrosilicon alloy are:
Ferrosilicon is widely used in the steelmaking industry, foundry
industry, and other industrial production.
Ferrosilicon is an essential deoxidizer in the steelmaking
industry. In steelmaking, ferrosilicon is used for precipitation
deoxidation and diffusion deoxidation. Ferrosilicon is also used as
an alloying agent in steelmaking. Adding a certain amount of
silicon to steel can significantly improve its strength, hardness,
and elasticity. Improve the magnetic permeability of steel and
reduce the hysteresis loss of transformer steel. General steel
contains 0.15% to 0.35% silicon, structural steel contains 0.40 to
1.75% silicon, and tool steel contains 0 30%～1. 80%, spring steel
contains 0.40-2.80% silicon, stainless acid resistant steel
contains 3.40-4.00% silicon, heat-resistant steel contains 1.00%
-3.00% silicon, and silicon steel contains 2% -3% or more silicon.
High silicon ferrosilicon or silicon alloys are used as reducing
agents in the production of low-carbon ferroalloys in the
ferroalloy industry. Silicon iron added to cast iron can serve as
an inoculant for ductile iron, and can prevent the formation of
carbides, promote the precipitation and spheroidization of
graphite, and improve the properties of cast iron.
In addition, silicon iron powder can be used as a suspended phase
in the mineral processing industry and as a coating for welding
rods in the welding rod manufacturing industry; High silicon
ferrosilicon can be used in the electrical industry to prepare
semiconductor pure silicon, and in the chemical industry to
manufacture silicone and other materials.
In the steelmaking industry, approximately 3-5 kg of 75% silicon
iron is consumed for every ton of steel produced.
2. Working principle
Ferrosilicon furnaces are mainly produced using submerged arc
electric furnaces. The principle is to use electrodes inserted into
the furnace material, and heat the furnace material through the arc
discharge generated between the electrodes and the furnace
material, as well as the resistance heat generated when the current
passes through the furnace material. Under high temperature
conditions, the silica (mainly composed of silicon dioxide) in the
furnace charge is reduced by reducing agents (such as coke, blue
coke, etc.) to produce ferrosilicon alloy.
3. Technical Parameter
Electric furnace power: The power of a ferrosilicon furnace varies
depending on the production scale and product requirements,
generally ranging from several thousand kilowatts to tens of
thousands of kilowatts. The higher the power, the higher the
temperature inside the furnace, and the higher the production
efficiency, but at the same time, the higher the requirements for
the power supply system and equipment.
Working temperature: The working temperature inside the furnace is
usually around 1600-1800 ℃. High temperature is a key condition for
ensuring the full reduction of silica and the formation of
ferrosilicon alloy, but excessively high temperature will increase
energy consumption and equipment loss, so it needs to be reasonably
controlled according to the actual situation.
Electrode current density: The electrode current density is
generally controlled within the range of several amps to tens of
amps per square centimeter. Appropriate current density can ensure
the normal operation of electrodes and the heating effect inside
the furnace, while avoiding problems such as electrode overheating
and rapid consumption. The current density is related to factors
such as electric furnace power, electrode diameter, and charge
resistance, and needs to be adjusted and optimized according to
production conditions.
4. Advantages and Applications
Advantages: The production of ferrosilicon by ferrosilicon furnace has the
advantages of high production efficiency, stable product quality,
and strong adaptability to raw materials. By precisely controlling
the temperature, atmosphere, and reaction time inside the furnace,
silicon iron products with different silicon and impurity contents
can be produced to meet the needs of different users. In addition,
ferrosilicon furnaces have the characteristics of high automation,
easy operation, and easy maintenance, which are conducive to
reducing production costs and improving production efficiency.
Application: Ferrosilicon is an important alloy additive in the steel industry,
mainly used in steelmaking and casting fields. During the
steelmaking process, ferrosilicon can serve as a deoxidizer and
alloying agent, effectively reducing the oxygen content in steel
and improving its strength, toughness, and corrosion resistance. In
the casting industry, ferrosilicon can be used as an inoculant and
spheroidizing agent to improve the microstructure and properties of
cast iron, and enhance the quality and performance of castings. In
addition, ferrosilicon is widely used in non-ferrous metal
smelting, chemical industry and other fields.
